Yamuna Safed-3 (G-282)
A bold, large-cloved white variety preferred for the export and premium market, where big, uniform cloves fetch a higher price.
Quick facts
- Crop
- Garlic
- Type
- Planting material
- Season
- Rabi
- Maturity period
- 140–150 days
- Seed rate
- 400–500 kg of cloves per hectare. For a big-clove export lot this is the step that decides the outcome: plant only the largest cloves, above 1.5 g
- Expected yield
- 175–200 q/ha
- Suitable soil
- Loam
- pH
- 6.0–8.0
- Disease resistance
- No specific bred-in resistance
- Release
- Developed in 1999 by NHRDF, Karnal
Actual yield depends on sowing time, soil, irrigation, weather, seed quality and crop management.
About this variety
Yamuna Safed-3 (G-282) is a garlic variety developed by NHRDF, Karnal in 1999. Bulbs are creamy white and bigger in size (4.5-5.5 cm diameter), with 15-16 cloves per bulb, 40°B total soluble solids, 42% dry matter and 25 micromole/g pyruvic acid — the last figure indicating a pungency level relevant to processing quality. It matures in 140-150 days with an average yield of 175-200 q/ha; no official notification figure for its duration was found, so treat that range as indicative. The Government of India has notified it for cultivation across eight states: Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Haryana, Gujarat, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, a wide footprint.
Should you pick this variety?
Pick Yamuna Safed-3 (G-282) if you sell to a grader who pays for size. Of the garlic varieties on this site it gives the best combination of bulb size and yield, and its pungency is the level dehydration and paste units buy on, so a processing contract is worth asking about before you sow. It has no bred-in disease resistance, so plant clean cloves. If the crop has to sit in store for months instead, choose Bhima Omkar or Yamuna Safed; in the hills, Agrifound Parvati.
Sowing & cultivation
- Sowing timeOctober–November in Haryana, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan; September to November in Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Chhattisgarh. Harvest runs from March to April (ICAR-DOGR)
- Seed rate400–500 kg of cloves per hectare. For a big-clove export lot this is the step that decides the outcome: plant only the largest cloves, above 1.5 g
- Spacing15 cm between rows and 10 cm between cloves, planted upright 2 cm deep
- Sowing methodTwist off the outer skins and take the cloves apart without breaking the basal plate. Dip in 0.1% carbendazim. On drip, plant at 15 x 10 cm on a broad bed furrow 15 cm high and 120 cm wide with a 45 cm furrow and two laterals per bed
- IrrigationAt planting, then every 7–10 days, 12–13 irrigations for the rabi crop. Drip raises marketable bulb yield by 15–25% over flood irrigation here. Stop watering 10–15 days before harvest
- Fertilizer100:50:50:50 kg NPKS per hectare with 20 t/ha farmyard manure in Haryana and Uttar Pradesh, 75:40:40:40 in Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Chhattisgarh and Rajasthan. One-third of the nitrogen with all the P, K and S at planting, the rest at 30 and 45 days (ICAR-DOGR)
Advantages & considerations
Why farmers may choose it
- Bold, large, creamy-white cloves valued in the export and premium market
- Notified across eight states by the Government of India — one of the most widely recommended garlic varieties in India
Suitable regions
States this variety is recommended for — check locally, since a state can have more than one recommended zone.
- Madhya Pradesh
- Maharashtra
- Haryana
- Gujarat
- Punjab
- Rajasthan
- Uttar Pradesh
- Chhattisgarh
Growing for clove size, because that is what is paid for
Yamuna Safed-3 is preferred by the export and premium trade for one reason: bold, large, uniform cloves. The buyer is not weighing your field, he is looking at a handful of bulbs and deciding whether the cloves are big and even enough for his grade.
Clove size starts at planting. Use large, healthy cloves from big bulbs — small cloves give small bulbs, every season — and keep the recommended spacing, because crowded plants make many small bulbs. Keep moisture even through bulb development and do not let the crop go dry and then be flooded, which splits bulbs. Stop irrigation before harvest, cure properly, and then grade: keep the big, well-skinned, unsplit bulbs for the premium buyer and sell the rest locally, rather than letting one mixed lot be priced at the lower rate.
Can you keep your own planting material?
This crop is planted from cloves, not from a seed packet, so your own field can supply next season. Keep the biggest, firmest bulbs from a patch that stayed free of rot, and break them into cloves only at planting time. Plant the fat outer cloves — small inner cloves give small bulbs, every season. Bring in clean stock when the size starts slipping or rot shows up in store.
How it compares with other varieties
Every Garlic variety with a page on this site, side by side. The row for this page is highlighted.
| Variety | Best for | Maturity | Yield | States |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agrifound Parvati (G-313) | Hill garlic with very large bulbs and a long cool season | 230–250 days | 200–225 q/ha | Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand |
| Agrifound White (G-41) | The default plains white garlic, with good keeping quality | 150–160 days | 120–150 q/ha | Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh |
| Bhima Omkar | Holding the crop in storage until the off-season price lifts | 120–135 days | 100–120 q/ha | Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Rajasthan |
| Bhima Purple | An early purple-skinned crop with a market of its own | 120–135 days | 60–70 q/ha | Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Haryana, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh |
| Yamuna Safed (G-1) | Long storage before sale, with large sickle-shaped cloves | 120–130 days | 150–170 q/ha | Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh |
| Yamuna Safed-3 (G-282)this page | Bold large-cloved white garlic for the export and premium trade | 140–150 days | 175–200 q/ha | Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Haryana, Gujarat, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh |
Tools for this crop
The numbers you need next: how much seed to buy, whether the lot germinates, what the fertilizer bill looks like and what Garlic is selling for.
- Seed Rate CalculatorHow much seed your Garlic plot needs, corrected for the germination of the lot you bought.
- Seed Variety FinderFilter every Garlic variety on this site by state, season, duration and soil.
- Fertilizer CalculatorTurn the NPK recommendation for Garlic into bags of urea, DAP and MOP for your field size.
- Crop Profit CalculatorPut your seed, labour and input costs against the yield you expect from this variety.
- Mandi Price CheckerToday's Garlic rate in your nearest mandi, before you fix a price with a trader.
Subsidy and government support
Schemes that help with the cost of Garlic seed or planting material. Rules and the application route are on each scheme page.
Frequently asked questions
Who developed Yamuna Safed-3 garlic and when?
NHRDF, Karnal, in 1999.
Which states is Yamuna Safed-3 officially notified for?
Eight states per Government of India notification: Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Haryana, Gujarat, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.
What does a Yamuna Safed-3 bulb look like?
Creamy white, bigger in size (4.5-5.5 cm diameter), with 15-16 cloves per bulb.
What yield does Yamuna Safed-3 give?
175–200 q/ha on average.
How long does Yamuna Safed-3 take to mature?
140–150 days. No official notification figure was found for this variety, so take that range as indicative rather than settled.
Why do processors care about pyruvic acid?
It is the standard measure of garlic pungency, and dehydration and paste units buy on it because pungency carries through into their product. At 25 micromole/g, Yamuna Safed-3 sits in a range processing buyers are comfortable with, alongside its high dry matter.
Yamuna Safed-3 or Agrifound White?
Yamuna Safed-3 gives bigger bulbs, 4.5–5.5 cm, and a higher yield at 175–200 q/ha, with an eight-state notification behind it. Agrifound White has smaller 3.5–4.5 cm bulbs with more cloves and the widest dealer availability. If a grader pays for size, take Yamuna Safed-3.
How do I keep the bulbs big?
Plant big, single, firm cloves from the outside of a large bulb, keep the spacing your KVK advises instead of crowding, feed and irrigate steadily through bulb formation, and stop irrigating before harvest so the skins cure. Clove size at planting largely sets bulb size at harvest.
At what spacing and depth should Yamuna Safed-3 be planted?
15 cm between rows and 10 cm between cloves, planted upright 2 cm deep. This variety is sold on bold, large cloves, and crowding is the quickest way to lose that: a tight stand gives more bulbs of a smaller grade, which is the opposite of what you are growing for.
Can I keep my own Yamuna Safed-3 bulbs as seed?
Yes, garlic is planted from cloves. For a premium large-clove variety, grade your seed hard: keep only the biggest, firmest bulbs, and plant the outer cloves rather than the small inner ones. Seed grading is most of what keeps the bulb size up year to year.
Sourced from: Garlic Variety Yamuna Safed-3 — Global Agriculture, Garlic Agropedia, ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research: planting calendar by state, clove selection and rate, spacing, drip layout, fertiliser and irrigation. editorial policy.