T-9
An old, widely adapted variety — high-yielding but susceptible to YMV, so best where whitefly pressure is low. Not yet individually researched for a detail page.
Quick facts
- Crop
- Urad (Black Gram)
- Type
- Open-pollinated
- Season
- All seasons
- Maturity period
- 70–75 days
- Expected yield
- Medium
- Suitable soil
- Loam
About this variety
T-9 traces back to a pre-institutional selection made from urad material collected at Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, in the early 1950s — well before India's coordinated pulses research programme (AICRP) was formally established. It went on to become one of the most influential black gram varieties ever released in India: pedigree analyses of advanced breeding lines entered into national urad trials between 1996 and 2005 found T-9 appearing as an ancestor in over 78% of them, and it is estimated to sit somewhere in the pedigree of more than 60% of black gram varieties grown in India today — making it a foundational parent line for the crop, not just a standalone variety. Agronomically it is described as suited to all parts of Uttar Pradesh, maturing in 70–75 days with a yield of about 8–10 q/ha, matching this page's own existing duration field closely. As a decades-old release it lacks the yellow-mosaic-virus resistance bred into later varieties (this page's own diseaseResistance field already reflects that), which is why newer, YMV-resistant lines are generally preferred wherever whitefly pressure is high.
Key characteristics
Yield & maturity
Maturity period
70–75 days
Expected yield
Medium
Actual yield depends on sowing time, soil, irrigation, weather, seed quality and crop management.
Pest & disease considerations
Major diseases
Advantages & considerations
Things to consider
- T-9's influence as a pedigree ancestor (78% of national trial breeding lines 1996–2005, an estimated 60%+ of Indian urad varieties overall) is a well-corroborated, notable fact worth highlighting beyond its own agronomic figures.
- Sourced duration (70–75 days) and yield (8–10 q/ha) match this page's existing fields closely — no real discrepancy found.
- No specific breeding institute is credited for T-9 itself since it predates the formal AICRP structure — it is better described as an early selection than a modern institutional release.
Suitable regions
States this variety is recommended for — check locally, since a state can have more than one recommended zone.
- Uttar Pradesh
Frequently asked questions
Where did T-9 originate?
From urad material collected at Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, in the early 1950s, selected before India's coordinated pulses research programme existed.
Why is T-9 considered important beyond its own yield?
It is a foundational pedigree ancestor — found in over 78% of advanced national urad breeding lines from 1996–2005, and estimated to be in the ancestry of over 60% of Indian black gram varieties today.
What yield and duration does T-9 have?
About 8–10 q/ha, maturing in 70–75 days, suited to all parts of Uttar Pradesh.
Why is T-9 susceptible to yellow mosaic virus?
It is a decades-old selection that predates the YMV-resistance breeding built into later varieties like Shekhar-3 and Mash 338, which is why it is best grown where whitefly pressure is low.
Which institute released T-9?
No single modern institute is credited — it predates the formal AICRP coordinated-research structure and is better described as an early regional selection.