Bhubaneswar-1
The cashew variety from the Cashew Research Station, Bhubaneswar, grown in the Odisha trial of 25 released varieties: a medium tree with high shelling (30.77% and 30.68%) and 7.12 kg of nuts a tree over four harvests. No release record or parentage was found.
Quick facts
- Crop
- Cashew (Kaju)
- Type
- Softwood grafted planting material
- Season
- All seasons
- Maturity period
- First bearing in about 3 years (grafted, TNAU crop-level); no flowering calendar was found for Bhubaneswar-1
- Expected yield
- Odisha trial: 7.12 kg of nuts a tree over four harvests (1,453 kg/ha); shelling 30.77% and 30.68%
- Suitable soil
- Tolerant of poor, lateritic and sandy coastal soil
- Release
- Cashew Research Station, Bhubaneswar, Odisha (source named in the Odisha trial paper); no release year or parentage found
About this variety
Bhubaneswar-1 is a cashew variety from the Cashew Research Station, Bhubaneswar, which is the source the Odisha paper lists for it. In the All India Coordinated Research Project trial at Bhubaneswar, 25 released varieties were planted in 2008 and harvested from 2011 to 2014. Bhubaneswar-1 gave 1.68 kg a tree in 2013 and 3.97 kg in 2014, a cumulative 3.15 and 7.12 kg, and 1,453 kg/ha at the fourth harvest. Its tree was 3.11 and 3.97 m tall, its canopy 11.69 and 18.62 square metres, its nut 6.8 g and 6.0 g, its apple 45 and 34.5 g and its shelling 30.77% and 30.68%. We found no release year, parentage or flowering calendar.
Should you pick this variety?
Choose Bhubaneswar-1 if you farm in Odisha and want a variety sourced from the state's own cashew station, with high shelling and a medium canopy. In the Odisha trial of 25 released varieties, planted in 2008, it gave 7.12 kg of nuts a tree over four harvests (1,453 kg/ha), shelled out 30.77% and 30.68%, and the authors named it among ten varieties that combined two or three good traits. Its nut is smallish (6.8 g and 6.0 g) and its canopy 18.62 square metres in 2014, about half of BPP-8's. For more yield look at BPP-8 or NRCC Selection-2.
Key characteristics
Sowing & cultivation
- Sowing timeJune to December is the best planting time (TNAU).
- Spacing7 x 7 m, about 204 trees a hectare (TNAU crop-level figure).
- Sowing methodPlant softwood grafts in pits of 45 x 45 x 45 cm filled with topsoil, 10 kg of FYM and 1 kg of neem cake (TNAU).
- IrrigationCashew is normally rainfed. TNAU says watering from flushing to fruit maturity improves yield.
- FertilizerTNAU crop-level schedule, per tree per year: year 1, 10 kg FYM, 70 g N, 40 g P and 60 g K; from year 5, 50 kg FYM, 500 g N, 200 g P and 300 g K. Apply in November-December on the East Coast, or in two equal doses in June-July and October-November.
- HarvestingNo flowering or fruiting calendar was found for Bhubaneswar-1; the Odisha trial harvested from the last week of March to May. Pick the apples fresh if you process them, and dry the nuts in the sun for 2 to 3 days to 10-12% moisture.
Soil & climate
Soil
- Suitable soil
- Tolerant of poor, lateritic, gravelly or sandy coastal soil; pH 5.0–6.5 (TNAU)
Yield & maturity
Maturity period
First bearing in about 3 years (grafted, TNAU crop-level); no flowering calendar was found for Bhubaneswar-1
Expected yield
Odisha trial: 7.12 kg of nuts a tree over four harvests (1,453 kg/ha); shelling 30.77% and 30.68%
Actual yield depends on sowing time, soil, irrigation, weather, seed quality and crop management.
Pest & disease considerations
Advantages & considerations
Why farmers may choose it
- Shelling of 30.77% and 30.68%, in the top group both years.
- Named among ten varieties that combined two or three good traits in the trial.
- A medium canopy, 18.62 square metres in 2014, narrower than BPP-8 or Dhana.
Things to consider
- A smallish nut, 6.8 g and 6.0 g, and apples of only 45 and 34.5 g.
- A cumulative yield of 7.12 kg a tree, behind BPP-8 (11.86), Vengurla-7 (10.32) and NRCC Selection-2 (8.81).
- No release record, parentage, flowering calendar or other-state trial found.
Suitable regions
States this variety is recommended for — check locally, since a state can have more than one recommended zone.
- Odisha
A medium tree with high shell-out: where Bhubaneswar-1 fits
Set the Odisha trial's numbers side by side. In 2014 the tree height, canopy and cumulative yield were: Bhubaneswar-1 3.97 m, 18.62 square metres, 7.12 kg; BPP-8 4.43 m, 31.72, 11.86; NRCC Selection-2 3.93 m, 22.82, 8.81; Kanaka 4.25 m, 19.38, 7.16; Amrutha 3.44 m, 10.87, 3.07. Bhubaneswar-1 is similar to Kanaka in size and yield, and its shelling (30.77% and 30.68%) is a little higher than Kanaka's (30.31% and 29.9%).
So its place is the middle: not the highest yielder, not the smallest tree, but a steady, well-shelling tree whose planting material comes from the same state. Per square metre of canopy it matches BPP-8: 7.12 kg over 18.62 square metres is about 0.38 kg, against 11.86 kg over 31.72 square metres, about 0.37 kg. If space is tight and you want a high shell-out without the biggest tree, it is worth a trial block. If you want the highest yield, plant BPP-8 and give it the room.
Can you save seed from this crop?
This one is raised from planting material — suckers, grafts, cuttings or tubers — not from a seed packet. Take it from a registered nursery or a government farm, so the plant is true to the variety and free of disease.
How it compares with other varieties
Every Cashew (Kaju) variety with a page on this site, side by side. The row for this page is highlighted.
| Variety | Best for | Starts bearing | Yield | States |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akshaya | Kerala farms that sell on kernel size and can accept a shell-out just above the 28% standard | First bearing in about 3 years (grafted, TNAU crop-level); flowers December to January, fruits January to March | TNAU: 11.78 kg of nuts a mature tree; 11 g nut (the largest on the KAU sheets), 28.36% shelling, W180 | Kerala |
| Amrutha (H-1597) | Small plots or trials where a compact tree and a high shelling percentage matter more than early yield | First bearing in about 3 years (grafted, TNAU crop-level); flowers December to January, fruits January to March | TNAU: 18.35 kg of nuts a mature tree; 7.18 g nut, 31.58% shelling, W210. Odisha trial: 3.07 kg a tree over four harvests (627 kg/ha) | Kerala |
| Anagha | Kerala farms that want a large-kernel nut with the best listed yield among the Anakkayam hybrids | First bearing in about 3 years (grafted, TNAU crop-level); flowers January to February, fruits February to April | TNAU: 13.73 kg of nuts a mature tree, the highest of the three Anakkayam hybrids; 10 g nut, 29% shelling, W180 | Kerala |
| Bhaskara | Steady nut yield on normal spacing | First bearing in 3 years (grafted) | Odisha trial: 9.85 kg a tree over four harvests (2,010 kg a hectare at 7 x 7 m) | Karnataka |
| Bhubaneswar-1this page | Odisha farms that want a locally sourced variety with high shelling and a medium canopy | First bearing in about 3 years (grafted, TNAU crop-level); no flowering calendar was found for Bhubaneswar-1 | Odisha trial: 7.12 kg of nuts a tree over four harvests (1,453 kg/ha); shelling 30.77% and 30.68% | Odisha |
| BPP-8 | Farmers in eastern, Odisha-type conditions who want the variety with the best published trial yield | First bearing in about 3 years (grafted, TNAU crop-level); no flowering calendar was found for BPP-8 | Odisha trial: 11.86 kg of nuts a tree over four harvests (2,420 kg/ha), the best of 25 released varieties; 6.0 kg a tree in 2014 | Andhra Pradesh |
| Dhana | Large cashew apples plus a good nut | First bearing in 3 years (grafted) | TNAU: 10.66 kg of nuts a mature tree; 8.2 g nut, 29.8% shelling, W210. Odisha trial: 7.28 kg a tree over four harvests | Kerala |
| Dharasree | Kerala farms that want a compact tree with a mid-size nut that shells out well, from the Anakkayam station | First bearing in about 3 years (grafted, TNAU crop-level); flowers December to January, fruits January to March | TNAU: 10.66 kg of nuts a mature tree; 7.8 g nut, 30.5% shelling, W240 | Kerala |
| Kanaka (H-1598) | Farmers who want a high shelling percentage and a steady early yield, and have room for an open, tall tree | First bearing in about 3 years (grafted, TNAU crop-level); flowers November to December, fruits December to March | TNAU: 12.8 kg of nuts a mature tree; 6.8 g nut, 30.58% shelling, W280. Odisha trial: 7.16 kg a tree over four harvests (1,461 kg/ha) | Kerala |
| NRCC Selection-1 | Farmers who already have these trees, or are offered the name by a nursery and want to know what it means | Short duration; flowers December to February, fruits March to April (ICAR-DCR) | ICAR-DCR: 10 kg of nuts a tree; 7.6 g nut, 28.8% shelling, W210. Withdrawn from recommendation | Karnataka |
| NRCC Selection-2 | Farmers who want a short-duration, DCR-recommended selection with a good trial record, and plant for the nut | Short duration; flowers November to January, fruits February to March (ICAR-DCR) | ICAR-DCR: 9 kg of nuts a tree; 9.3 g nut, 28.6% shelling, W210. Odisha trial: 8.81 kg a tree over four harvests (1,798 kg/ha), fourth of 25 | Karnataka |
| Priyanka | The heaviest cashew apple, for processing | First bearing in 3 years (grafted) | TNAU: 17.03 kg of nuts a mature tree; 10.8 g nut, 26.57% shelling, W180. Odisha trial: 4.15 kg a tree over four harvests | Kerala |
| Sulabha | Kerala farmers who want a big nut and a compact tree, and can accept a late flowering season | First bearing in about 3 years (grafted, TNAU crop-level); flowers January to February, fruits February to April | TNAU: 21.9 kg of nuts a mature tree, the highest of the KAU sheets; 9.8 g nut, 29.4% shelling, W210 | Kerala |
| Ullal-3 | Early, short flowering season in Karnataka | First bearing in 3 years (grafted) | TNAU: 14.7 kg of nuts a mature tree. Odisha trial: 8.04 kg a tree over four harvests (1,641 kg a hectare) | Karnataka |
| Vengurla-4 | Older, proven west-coast cashew | First bearing in 3 years (grafted) | TNAU: 17.2 kg of nuts a mature tree. Odisha trial: 7.68 kg a tree over four harvests | Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka |
| Vengurla-7 | Bold nuts for export-grade kernels | First bearing in 3 years (grafted) | ~18.5 kg/tree average; bold 10 g nuts, W180 kernel grade, ~30.5% shelling | Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka |
| VRI-3 | A smaller tree with W210 kernels | First bearing in 3 years (grafted) | TNAU: 11.68 kg of nuts a mature tree (another TNAU page says 14.19 kg); 7.18 g nut, 29.1% shelling, W210 | Tamil Nadu |
Tools for this crop
The numbers you need next: how much seed to buy, whether the lot germinates, what the fertilizer bill looks like and what Cashew (Kaju) is selling for.
- Seed Rate CalculatorHow much seed your Cashew (Kaju) plot needs, corrected for the germination of the lot you bought.
- Seed Variety FinderFilter every Cashew (Kaju) variety on this site by state, season, duration and soil.
- Fertilizer CalculatorTurn the NPK recommendation for Cashew (Kaju) into bags of urea, DAP and MOP for your field size.
- Crop Profit CalculatorPut your seed, labour and input costs against the yield you expect from this variety.
- Mandi Price CheckerToday's Cashew (Kaju) rate in your nearest mandi, before you fix a price with a trader.
Subsidy and government support
Schemes that help with the cost of Cashew (Kaju) seed or planting material. Rules and the application route are on each scheme page.
Frequently asked questions
What is Bhubaneswar-1?
A cashew variety whose source, in the Odisha trial paper, is the Cashew Research Station, Bhubaneswar. In the trial of 25 released varieties it gave 7.12 kg of nuts a tree over four harvests (1,453 kg/ha) with 30.77% and 30.68% shelling.
Is Bhubaneswar-1 the same as BBSR-1 or BPP-1?
We cannot confirm either. The trial paper lists Bhubaneswar-1 from the Bhubaneswar station and BPP-1 to BPP-8 from Bapatla, as separate entries. Check the full name and the source nursery on the graft label.
How does Bhubaneswar-1 compare with Dhana and Kanaka?
Over four harvests Bhubaneswar-1 gave 7.12 kg a tree, Kanaka 7.16 and Dhana 7.28, so the three are close. Bhubaneswar-1 shelled out more (30.77%, 30.68%) than Dhana (30.56, 29.85), had a narrower canopy than Dhana (18.62 against 30.56 square metres) and a smaller apple (45 and 34.5 g against 74 and 68).
Can I grow Bhubaneswar-1 outside Odisha?
We found no trial from another state. It was tested at Bhubaneswar, on a coastal Odisha site, so results elsewhere are not known. Ask your KVK and plant a small block before a large one.
Sourced from: Tripathy, Sethi and Mukherjee, Evaluation of released cashew varieties under Odisha condition — Int. J. Bio-resource and Stress Management 6(5), 2015, Model Profile for 1.0 ha Cashew Cultivation — NABARD/TNAU. editorial policy.