GT 1

GT 1 (Gondang Tapen 1) is an old Indonesian primary clone valued worldwide for stability rather than a top yield figure — it performs consistently across a wide range of sites and is notably wind-tolerant and hardy. It appears as a parent in many modern pedigrees and is widely planted in the north-east and on marginal or exposed sites where reliability matters more than squeezing out the highest yield.

Plant typeBudded clone (primary clone)
MaturityPerennial — 6–8 years to first tapping, then tapped for ~25–30 years
Yield potentialMedium, very stable across sites
Disease resistanceHardy; notably wind-tolerant
SoilWide range of well-drained soils, including marginal and windy sites
SeasonAll seasons

• Sowing timePlant with the first steady monsoon rains; in the north-east plant early in the monsoon so roots are set before winter
• Seed rateNot a seed crop — about 445 budded plants per hectare at normal spacing
• Spacing4.9 × 4.9 m (about 445 trees/ha); terrain-adjusted layouts in the hills
• Sowing methodPlant into pre-dug pits with a cover crop; GT 1 tolerates marginal and exposed sites better than most clones
• IrrigationRainfed in the traditional belt; immature-phase irrigation or mulching in dry non-traditional tracts
• FertilizerStandard graduated immature NPK-Mg mixtures and a mature-rubber mixture after opening
• HarvestingOpened at year 6–8 on girth; GT 1 responds well to a moderate tapping system and is less prone to panel dryness than the high-yield clones under hard tapping

Actual yield depends on sowing time, soil, irrigation, weather, seed quality and crop management.

• Tripura
• Assam
• Meghalaya
• Kerala
• Nagaland
• Mizoram

• RRII 105

  The Rubber Research Institute of India's most planted clone for decades and long the industry benchmark — very high yield, but slow to tap and needs a full disease-management programme.

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• RRII 414

  An RRII 400-series clone (RRII 105 × RRIC 100) released to improve on RRII 105 — earlier tapping, faster immature growth, higher early yield and better Corynespora tolerance.

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• RRII 417

  An RRII 400-series clone from the same RRII 105 × RRIC 100 cross as RRII 414, combining vigorous growth and high yield with a good general disease profile.

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• RRII 430

  An RRII 400-series clone valued for high yield with a relatively wind-firm, well-branched crown; recommended where wind damage has been a problem for RRII 105.

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• RRII 429

  A high-yielding RRII 400-series clone from the RRII breeding programme, with good vigour and yield in traditional-belt trials; a newer option for replanting.

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• RRII 208

  A clone identified by RRII for the cooler, drier non-traditional tracts, with better cold tolerance and establishment than the traditional-belt clones in the north-east.

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• PB 260

  A Malaysian Prang Besar clone (PB 5/51 × PB 49) grown internationally for early, high yield and quick immature growth; used in India in both traditional and non-traditional areas.

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• PB 217

  A Malaysian Prang Besar clone known for a strong yield response later in life and to stimulation, with a sturdy trunk; slower to start than PB 260 but long-lived and productive.

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• RRIM 600

  A classic Malaysian Rubber Research Institute clone (Tjir 1 × PB 86), one of the most widely planted clones in the world historically — moderate but very dependable yield, good secondary characters, still common in the north-east and older Indian estates.

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