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Horse Gram (Kulthi)KharifOpen-pollinatedUpdated 2 September 2026

Horsegram CO 1

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University's earliest named horse gram release (1953) тАФ mainly of historical interest today as the parent line later used to breed Paiyur 2.

SeasonKharif
Maturity period90тАУ120 days (typical for the crop; not separately documented for this variety)
Expected yieldNot documented in available sources; superseded in yield by later TNAU releases
Suitable soilPoor, marginal, well-drained soils

Quick facts

Crop
Horse Gram (Kulthi)
Type
Open-pollinated
Season
Kharif
Maturity period
90тАУ120 days (typical for the crop; not separately documented for this variety)
Expected yield
Not documented in available sources; superseded in yield by later TNAU releases
Suitable soil
Poor, marginal, well-drained soils
Release
Released 1953 ┬╖ Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (confirmed via TNAU's own official cumulative variety register)

About this variety

Horsegram CO 1 is Tamil Nadu Agricultural University's earliest formally named horse gram release, dating to 1953, from what later became the university's pulse-breeding programme. Its main documented significance today is as the parent line that TNAU's Regional Research Station at Paiyur later irradiated with gamma rays to produce Paiyur 2 (released 1998) тАФ a cross/lineage relationship confirmed via TNAU's own official cumulative variety register, which lists only three horse gram releases from the university: CO 1, Paiyur 1 and Paiyur 2. Beyond the release year and this parentage role, detailed agronomic data specific to CO 1 (yield, duration, disease reactions) could not be confirmed in publicly available sources in this research pass тАФ CO 1 has been effectively superseded in recommendation by the higher-yielding Paiyur 2 for current Tamil Nadu cultivation.

Key characteristics

    Plant typeOpen-pollinated
    Maturity90тАУ120 days (typical for the crop; not separately documented for this variety)
    Yield potentialNot documented in available sources; superseded in yield by later TNAU releases
    Disease resistanceNot separately documented
    SoilPoor, marginal, well-drained soils
    SeasonKharif

Yield & maturity

Maturity period

90тАУ120 days (typical for the crop; not separately documented for this variety)

Expected yield

Not documented in available sources; superseded in yield by later TNAU releases

Actual yield depends on sowing time, soil, irrigation, weather, seed quality and crop management.

Pest & disease considerations

Major diseases

  • Not separately documented

Advantages & considerations

Why farmers may choose it

  • Confirmed as the direct parent line of Paiyur 2 through gamma-ray-induced mutation тАФ a documented lineage rather than an assumed one.
  • One of only three horse gram varieties TNAU has ever formally released, giving it a long track record in Tamil Nadu's breeding history.

Things to consider

  • Detailed yield, duration and disease-reaction figures specific to CO 1 were not found in publicly available sources тАФ treat these as undocumented rather than assuming they match its higher-yielding descendant, Paiyur 2.
  • Effectively superseded by Paiyur 2 for current commercial recommendation in Tamil Nadu.

Suitable regions

States this variety is recommended for тАФ check locally, since a state can have more than one recommended zone.

  • Tamil Nadu

Sourced from: TNAU тАФ Crop Varieties Released from TNAU (1921тАУ2024). editorial policy.