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Horse Gram (Kulthi)KharifOpen-pollinatedUpdated 2 September 2026

Horsegram CO 1

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University's earliest named horse gram release (1953) — mainly of historical interest today as the parent line later used to breed Paiyur 2.

SeasonKharif
Maturity period90–120 days (typical for the crop; not separately documented for this variety)
Expected yieldNot documented in available sources; superseded in yield by later TNAU releases
Suitable soilPoor, marginal, well-drained soils

Quick facts

Crop
Horse Gram (Kulthi)
Type
Open-pollinated
Season
Kharif
Maturity period
90–120 days (typical for the crop; not separately documented for this variety)
Expected yield
Not documented in available sources; superseded in yield by later TNAU releases
Suitable soil
Poor, marginal, well-drained soils
Release
Released 1953 · Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (confirmed via TNAU's own official cumulative variety register)

About this variety

Horsegram CO 1 is Tamil Nadu Agricultural University's earliest formally named horse gram release, dating to 1953, from what later became the university's pulse-breeding programme. Its main documented significance today is as the parent line that TNAU's Regional Research Station at Paiyur later irradiated with gamma rays to produce Paiyur 2 (released 1998) — a cross/lineage relationship confirmed via TNAU's own official cumulative variety register, which lists only three horse gram releases from the university: CO 1, Paiyur 1 and Paiyur 2. Beyond the release year and this parentage role, detailed agronomic data specific to CO 1 (yield, duration, disease reactions) could not be confirmed in publicly available sources in this research pass — CO 1 has been effectively superseded in recommendation by the higher-yielding Paiyur 2 for current Tamil Nadu cultivation.

Key characteristics

    Plant typeOpen-pollinated
    Maturity90–120 days (typical for the crop; not separately documented for this variety)
    Yield potentialNot documented in available sources; superseded in yield by later TNAU releases
    Disease resistanceNot separately documented
    SoilPoor, marginal, well-drained soils
    SeasonKharif

Yield & maturity

Maturity period

90–120 days (typical for the crop; not separately documented for this variety)

Expected yield

Not documented in available sources; superseded in yield by later TNAU releases

Actual yield depends on sowing time, soil, irrigation, weather, seed quality and crop management.

Pest & disease considerations

Major diseases

  • Not separately documented

Advantages & considerations

Why farmers may choose it

  • Confirmed as the direct parent line of Paiyur 2 through gamma-ray-induced mutation — a documented lineage rather than an assumed one.
  • One of only three horse gram varieties TNAU has ever formally released, giving it a long track record in Tamil Nadu's breeding history.

Things to consider

  • Detailed yield, duration and disease-reaction figures specific to CO 1 were not found in publicly available sources — treat these as undocumented rather than assuming they match its higher-yielding descendant, Paiyur 2.
  • Effectively superseded by Paiyur 2 for current commercial recommendation in Tamil Nadu.

Suitable regions

States this variety is recommended for — check locally, since a state can have more than one recommended zone.

  • Tamil Nadu

Sourced from: TNAU — Crop Varieties Released from TNAU (1921–2024). editorial policy.