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Rose (Gulab)All seasonsOil rose (Rosa damascena)Updated 9 October 2026

Damask Rose (Jwala / Himroz)

The fragrant oil rose (Rosa damascena) for rose oil, attar, rose water and gulkand. CSIR-IHBT, Palampur released Jwala (plains to mid-hills) and Himroz (temperate hills), yielding ~25тАУ30 q/ha flowers and ~650тАУ800 g/ha oil.

SeasonAll seasons
Maturity periodPerennial oil crop; one short, intense spring flowering flush
Expected yield~25тАУ30 q/ha flowers; ~650тАУ800 g/ha essential oil
Suitable soilAll soils

Quick facts

Crop
Rose (Gulab)
Type
Oil rose (Rosa damascena)
Season
All seasons
Maturity period
Perennial oil crop; one short, intense spring flowering flush
Expected yield
~25тАУ30 q/ha flowers; ~650тАУ800 g/ha essential oil
Suitable soil
All soils
Release
CSIR-IHBT, Palampur тАФ Jwala (plains to mid-hills, up to ~1200 m) and Himroz (temperate hills, ~1200тАУ2500 m)

About this variety

The Damask rose (Rosa damascena) is grown not for cut or loose flowers but for its fragrant essential oil, attar, rose water and gulkand, in Himachal Pradesh, Kannauj (Uttar Pradesh) and Jammu & Kashmir. CSIR-IHBT, Palampur released two cultivars: Jwala, for the sub-tropical northern plains, low and mid hills (up to about 1200 m), and Himroz, for mild-to-cold temperate hills (about 1200тАУ2500 m). Both yield roughly 25тАУ30 q/ha of flowers and 650тАУ800 g/ha of essential oil. The flowers are picked at dawn and must be distilled the same day, since the volatile oil is lost as the picked flowers warm and wilt.

Key characteristics

    Plant typeOil rose (Rosa damascena)
    MaturityPerennial oil crop; one short, intense spring flowering flush
    Yield potential~25тАУ30 q/ha flowers; ~650тАУ800 g/ha essential oil
    Disease resistanceHardy; adapted to hill and plains conditions by cultivar
    SoilAll soils
    SeasonAll seasons

Sowing & cultivation

  • HarvestingPicked at dawn at full bloom and distilled the same day тАФ the essential oil is lost as the flowers warm and wilt.

Yield & maturity

Maturity period

Perennial oil crop; one short, intense spring flowering flush

Expected yield

~25тАУ30 q/ha flowers; ~650тАУ800 g/ha essential oil

Actual yield depends on sowing time, soil, irrigation, weather, seed quality and crop management.

Pest & disease considerations

Major diseases

  • Hardy; adapted to hill and plains conditions by cultivar

Advantages & considerations

Why farmers may choose it

  • Produces high-value rose oil, attar, rose water and gulkand.
  • Two cultivars cover plains/low-hill (Jwala) and temperate-hill (Himroz) conditions.
  • A perennial oil crop well-suited to Himachal, Kannauj and Kashmir.

Things to consider

  • A single short spring flush and same-day distillation mean it needs a processing/distillation link, not a loose-flower market.

Suitable regions

States this variety is recommended for тАФ check locally, since a state can have more than one recommended zone.

  • Himachal Pradesh
  • Uttar Pradesh
  • Jammu and Kashmir